001 Architecture White Deer Grotto Academy White Deer Grotto Academy stands at the southern foot of the Five Old Men Peaks of Mount Lu, in Lushan City, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province. In the Baoli era of the Tang, Li Bo built terraces and pavilions at his former hermitage here; in the Shengyuan era of the Southern Tang, the Lushan National Academy was established on the site; in the early Northern Song it was counted with Suiyang, Shigu, and Yuelu among the Four Great Academies; and in the Chunxi era of the Southern Song, Zhu Xi, as prefect of Nankang, rebuilt the academy and drew up the Articles of Learning of the White Deer Grotto Academy, and Lu Jiuyuan once lectured here by invitation. Destroyed in the wars at the end of the Yuan, it was rebuilt in the first year of the Zhengtong era of the Ming by the Nankang prefect Zhai Pufu and repeatedly repaired under the Qing, so that the surviving buildings largely preserve the Qing-dynasty layout. The entry presents the original texts of the New Book of Tang, Lü Zuqian's Record of the White Deer Grotto Academy, Zhu Xi's Memorial on the White Deer Academy and Articles of Learning, Lu Jiuyuan's Lecture at the White Deer Grotto Academy, Wang Yi's Record of a Visit to the White Deer Grotto, and the Gazetteer of the White Deer Academy, together with early twentieth-century photographs of the academy by Sidney D. Gamble, Tokiwa Daijō, and Sekino Tadashi. Tang Dynasty Lushan City, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province White Deer Grotto Academy · White Deer Academy · Lushan National Academy →
002 Architecture Yuelu Academy The Yuelu Academy stands at the eastern foot of Yuelu Mountain on the west bank of the Xiang River in Changsha, Hunan Province. It was founded in the ninth year of the Kaibao era of the Northern Song (976) by Zhu Dong, prefect of Tanzhou, and in the eighth year of the Dazhong Xiangfu era (1015) Emperor Zhenzong bestowed its name-board, making it one of the Four Great Academies of the Song. In the Southern Song, Zhang Shi presided over its teaching and Zhu Xi came to the academy for joint lectures and to promote learning; destroyed and rebuilt time and again through the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing, it was converted in the twenty-ninth year of the Guangxu era (1903) into the Hunan Higher School and today belongs to Hunan University. The entry collects the original texts of the Comprehensive Examination of Literature, Zhang Shi's Record of the Restoration of the Yuelu Academy in Tanzhou, Chen Fuliang's record, Zhu Xi's dispatch, and Ding Sikong's memorial requesting the imperial plaque, together with old photographs of the academy from the 1920s. Northern Song Dynasty Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan Province Yuelu Academy · Yuelu Mountain · Changsha →